天突 Tiān tū | Apparaître pour se déplacer (Nguyen Van Nghi 1971) Protubérance communiquant avec le Ciel (Pan 1993) Cheminée qui communique avec le Ciel (Pan 1993) Cheminée du Ciel (Pan 1993) Cheminée céleste (Lade 1994, Laurent 2000) | Celestial Chimney (Ellis 1989) Sudden Heaven (Omura 1982) |
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nom | traduction française | traduction anglaise | source classique | |
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tian qu | 天瞿 | Vigilance celeste (Laurent 2000) | Celestial Alarm (Ellis 1989) | Qian jin yao fang (Guillaume 1995) |
yu hu | 玉戸 | Porte de Jade (Laurent 2000) | Jade Door (Ellis 1989) | Jia yi jing (Guillaume 1995) |
Items de localisation
1- sur le cou et sur la ligne médiane, dans un creux
2- à 0,5 cun au dessus du bord supérieur du manubrium sternal
3- au dessus du 21VC
Remarque : La localisation de ce point, telle qu'elle est expliquée dans Ling Shu est claire. Au lieu de 5 cun, Jia Yi situe le point à 2 cun au-dessous de là pomme d'Adam. Il peut s'agir d'une erreur de plume. De plus, d'autres ouvrages indiquent “2 cun, 3 cun ou 4 cun au-dessous de la pomme d'Adam”. C'est la localisation de Su Wen annoté par Wang Bing qui est correcte. Tiantu (RM22) est donc situé sur le cou, au centre de la fosse sus-sternale. (Deng 1993)
9E | 23VC | 9E |
11E | ↑ ← 22VC → ↓ | 11E |
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27Rn | 21VC | 27Rn |
latéral | côté droit | médial |
Traite le poumon Ventilating the lung Regulates the function of the Lung to relieve asthma Dégage les Poumons, arrête la toux Calme la dyspnée, ouvre la poitrine | Roustan 1979, Laurent 2000 Zhang Rui-Fu 1985 Chen 1995 Guillaume 1995 Laurent 2000 |
Regulating the pharynx Purifie et favorise les fonctions de la gorge | Zhang Rui-Fu 1985 Guillaume 1995 |
Equilibre l'énergie Reversing the adverse flow of qi Fait descendre le Qi | Roustan 1979, Laurent 2000 Zhang Rui-Fu 1985 Tai yi shen zhen( Guillaume 1995) |
Reduces heat Purifie la chaleur | Chen 1995 Laurent 2000 |
Removes Dampness Transforme les glaires Elimine les glaires tan Dissout le tan | Chen 1995 Guillaume 1995 Tai yi shen zhen (Guillaume 1995) Laurent 2000 |
Abaisse le reflux Fait descendre le contre-sens | Guillaume 1995, Tai yi shen zhen( Guillaume 1995) Laurent 2000 |
Acupuncture | Moxibustion | Source |
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Needle perpendicularly 0,2 in., then direct the needle downward along the posterior sternum in front of the trachea for 1.5 in. | Li Su Huai 1976 | |
Piquer perpendiculairement à 0,2-0,3 distance, puis enfoncer l'aiguille verticalement vers le bas contre la face postérieure du sternum à 1-1,5 distance. Piquer perpendiculairement à 0,3-0,5 distance | Cautériser 3-5 fois, chauffer 5-15 minutes | Roustan 1979 |
Oblique insertion inferiorly 1-1.5 cun along the posterior border of the sternum | moxibustion 3-5 cones, or 5-10 minutes with moxa roll | Zhang Rui-Fu 1985 |
Puncture perpendicularly 0.2 fun first, then tip the needle downward and puncture along the posterior aspect of the sternum 1 - 1,5 cun | Qiu Mao-liang 1993 | |
Shallow insertion : Perpendicular insertion 0.3 -0.5 inches (child). Deep insertion: first perpendicular insertion 0.3 inch along the skin of the anterior neck to the posterior sternum, then inferior insertion 1.0-1.5 inches | 3-5 cones; stick 15 minutes | Chen 1995 |
La puncture est d'abord perpendiculaire entre 0,2 et 0,3 distance de profondeur, puis orientée vers le bas le long de la face postérieure du sternum et enfoncée très lentement jusqu'à une profondeur de 1 à 1,5 distance | Cautérisation avec 3 à 5 cônes de moxa, moxibustion pendant 5 à 10 minutes. | Guillaume 1995 |
Puncturer à 0,5 distance, laisser l'aiguille le temps de 3 expirations, disperser dès l'obtention du Deqi | La moxibustion est moins efficace que l'acupuncture | Tong ren (Guillaume 1995) |
Puncturer à 0,1 distance de profondeur | appliquer 5 cônes de moxa | Ming tang (Guillaume 1995) |
Puncturer à 1 distance, laisser l'aiguille le temps de 7 expirations | moxibustion avec 3 cônes | Su wen (Guillaume 1995) |
Piqûre perpendiculaire 0,2 cun ou puncture profonde en arrière du sternum de 1 à 2 cun | ne pas chauffer | Laurent 2000 |
Sensation de puncture
Roustan 1979 : sensation locale de gonflement.
Su wen : Selon Hua Shi (Nguyen Van Nghi 1989) : L'implantation de l'aiguille au point Tiantu (22 VC) entraîne au bout d'un certain temps quatre effets : 1. Vibration de l'aiguille : signe d'activité de la fonction de la rate. 2. Gargouillements abdominaux : signe de destruction des facteurs étiologiques de la maladie. 3. Impression d'un courant qui circule dans la direction de la vessie : signe d'évacuation des éléments pervers. 4. Sensation agréable d'un courant au niveau de la région rénale :signe de normalisation de l'énergie du corps.
Chen 1995 : Shallow insertion : local soreness and distension. Deep insertion : local distension and soreness, or a throat fullness that feels like suffocation
Sécurité
Discussion à partir de la sécurité
OBJECTIVE: To study on the relation between the regional anatomy and safety of acupuncture at Tiantu (CV 22) and Qishe (ST 11). METHODS: In forty-six adult corpses, 92 sides were dissected to observe the partial anatomy structure of acupuncture path of Tiantu (CV 22) and Qishe (ST 11) and structure characteristics by the steel needle marked method and lay-by-lay dissection method. RESULTS: The bilateral the pleura returning lines behind the manubrium sterni interacted at the sternal angle plane accounted for 50.0% of the total specimens and at the first ribs plane accounted for 6.5% of the specimens; for needling the point Tiantu (CV 22), left brachiocephalic vein was at the same level or close to the manubrium sterni upper fringe in 43.5% of the specimens, the left brachiocephalic vein and the middle of manubrium sterni were at the same level in 56.5% of the specimens; for needling the point Qishe (ST 11), in 68 sides of the specimens, internal jugular vein were pierced, accounting for 73.9%, and in 24 sides of the specimens the left common carotid artery were pierced, accounting for 26.1%; in 50 sides of specimens the vagus nerve were touched by the steel needle, accounting for 54.3. CONCLUSION: In acupuncture of Tiantu (CV 22) and Qishe (ST 11), the needle not only easily injure the upper pleural cavity, but also damage the big blood vessel and the vagus nerve in the mediastinum and the cervical root.
The projection region of the dome of the pleura to the surface of the anterior neck was investigated in 31 domes of 17 cadavers. The point “Tentotsu” [22VC], and a line connecting that point and the most lateral edge of the acromion were adopted for a basis of measurement of the projection region. The mean length of the Tentotsu-Acromion line was 185 mm on either side of the body. Its upward angle to the horizontal plane was 22° and 23° in average on the right and left sides, respectively, while its backward angle to the frontal plane was 23° on the right and 25° on the left. The right pleural domes (17 cases) were included within a range 0-58 mm lateral to the Tentotsu and lower than 44 mm above, and on the left side (l4 cases), these values were 5-58 mm and 49 mm, respectively. On the other hand, when adopting the Tentotsu-Acromion line as the basis, the pleural domes were located within the medial one-third of the line. Their summits lay on the point of its medial one-fourth in medio-lateral direction, and were situated at levels lower than about 35 (on the right) or 32 mm (on the left) above the line.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation of the form of pleural cupula of the normal adult with safety of acupuncture at commonly-used acupoints around the pleural cupula. METHODS: The safe depth for the commonly-used acupoints around the pleural cupula and the relation with the form of pleural cupula were investigated in 46 adult corpses with small Kirschner wire location and arrangement dissection. RESULTS: The width of the pleural cupula projection equal to clavicle medial 1/3 accounted for 32. 6% of all the corpses, and the width of the pleural cupula projection more than clavicle medial 1/3 accounted for 59. 8% of all the corpses, the width of the pleural cupula projection less than clavicle medial 1/3 and pleural cupula medial margin located at the sternoclavicular joint medial accounted for 7.6% of all the corpses. The observed points such as Tiantu (CV 22), Qishe (ST 11), Jianjing (GB 21), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Dazhu (BL 11) which were considered be not related to the pleural cupula. When acupuncture is carried out according to criteria of acupoint location and needling direction, and the needle exceeded a limit, the pleural menbrane will be broken and induce destruction. CONCLUSION: Position and form of the pleural cupula have anatomical relation to acupuncture accident for needling the points around the superior pleural cupula, which should be played attention to.
Classe d'usage | ★ | point courant |
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Indication | Association | Source |
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Bronchite asthmatiforme | 22VC + 8PN + 17VC + 40E | Roustan 1979, Shangai zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
Suffocation intermittente ou quintes de toux liées à une cardite rhumatismale | 22VC + 17VC + 27Rn + 1P | Roustan 1979, Shangai zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
Bronchite chronique | 22VC + 11GI + 4GI + 8PN | Roustan 1979, Shangai zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
Spasmes diaphragmatiques | 22VC + 6MC + 12VC | Roustan 1979, Shangai zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
Toux avec reflux du Qi vers le haut | 22VC + 17VC + 1MC + 41E + 15IG | Zi sheng jing ( Guillaume 1995) |
Obstruction du QI Qi ye | 22VC + 1TR | Zi sheng jing (Guillaume 1995) |
Asthme xiao chuan | 22VC + 17VC | Yu long jing yu long ge (Guillaume 1995) |
Asthme dû au froid | 22VC + 7P + 18E + 12VC + 36E | Zhong hua zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
Toux asthme | 22VC + 17VC + 5P | Zhen jiu xue jian bion (Guillaume 1995) |
Raucité de la voix | 22VC + 4C + 10Rn + 7Rn + 40E +2Rn | Lei jing tu yi (Guillaume 1995) |
Asthme, hoquet, toux.
Hoquet, asthme, globus hystericus, toux.
Objective To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture plus moxibustion at Tiantu (CV 22) in treating chronic simple pharyngitis (CSP). Method A total of 122 patients with CSP were randomized into a treatment group of 59 cases and a control group of 60 cases. The treatment group received electroacupuncture plus moxibustion at Tiantu (CV 22), and the control group was intervened by medication. The total effective rates were compared between the two groups at the end of the course. Result The total effective rate was 98.3% in the treatment group versus 76.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.0l). Conclusion Electroacupuncture treatment plus moxibustion at Tiantu (CV 22) is an effective method in treating CSP.
The operation and application of Tiantu (CV 22) in emergency are discussed in the paper. The stimulating methods at Tiantu (CV 22) are acupuncture and pressing technique. The correct insertion of needle and proper depth and direction of insertion are required during acupuncture. The pressing technique stress the pressing strength and pressing time. Acupuncture or pressing technique is suitable for the emergent measurement of asthma, asthmatic breathing, coma, blockage of phlegm, hiccup, sore throat, etc. It is indicated that Tiantu (CV 22) is the key point in the emergency and phlegm resolving. Based on the characteristics of the point as promoting qi circulation, reducing the reversed qi and resolving phlegm, in light of the proper points combination by different syndromes and in terms of the correct and safe stimulating methods, Tiantu CV 22) can achieve the immediate therapeutic effects in the emergent situations.
Il s'agit de l'observation d'un point Fenêtre du Ciel, Tiantu (RM 22), qui met en évidence la fonction de ce point : la sortie des souffles du tronc au niveau du cou, vers la tête.
Tiantu (22VC) est un point de renmai et de yinwei. Son nom nous indique qu'il a pour fonction de faire descendre le qi du ciel dans l'homme. Les symptômes provoqués par le dysfonctionnement du point sont, de plus, des signes de reflux avec blocage au niveau du cou
.