| 合谷 hé gǔ | (Soulié de Morant 1934, Chamfrault 1954, Fond de la vallée ( Nguyen Van Nghi 1971) Vallée formée par la rencontre de deux os (Pan 1993) Vallées réunies (Lade 1994) Torrent harmonisateur (Laurent 2000) Vallées qui se rencontrent (Deadman 2003) Fond du val (Despeux 2012) | Union Valley (Ellis 1989) Converging Valley (Li Ding 1992) |
|---|
| Hukou 虎口 (1) | Chamfrault 1954, Jia yi jing cité par Guillaume 1995 ; Ellis 1989 |
| Hegu 合骨 (2) | Ellis 1989 ; Laurent 2000 |
| Hankou 含口 (3) | Ellis 1989 ; Laurent 2000 |
Discussion sur les variations de localisation en fonction des méthodes
LI.4 is a major acupoint but the method of locating it has not been standardized. In fact, description of method for locating this acupoint often varies in the classic and traditional texts. It might signify this point may be varied from one to another person. Our comparative study of locating and subsequent acupuncturing these locations revealed some interesting features of LI.4 from our collected clinical data in that location 1 had a better therapeutic effect for toothache relief and analgesia-anesthesia effect than for headache relief, location 2 was better for headache than toothache relief; locations 3 and 4 had a mixed effect whereas, location 5 seems to have a better chance to get bioenergy (De Qi) as manifested by tingling and numbing sensation at the acupunctured site. Our study also suggested that LI.4 location was about the size of 4 millimeters in diameter instead of a pin-point location, though needle inserted at correct point produced a better result.
Frontal MRIs were analyzed for the relative positions between LI4 and the blood vessel underneath. Because the locations of blood vessels can vary among individuals, MRIs showed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery or vein was less than 1 cm beneath LI4 In 4 of 20 subjects. Thus, this preliminary investigation demonstrates a potential incidence of vascular injury of 20% during acupuncture of LI4. Acupuncture is an invasive procedure and should be performed carefully, particularly for patients who are being treated with anticoagulants or who have peripheral vascular diseases.
| Acupuncture | Moxibustion | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1) Piquer d'aplomb à 0,5-1 distance Piquer vers Hou Xi 3IG, ou Lao Gong 8MC, à 2-3 distances; Piquer obliquement vers le fond de l'angle des 2 métacarpiens, à 1-1,5 distance; | Cautériser 3 fois, chauffer 5-15 minutes. | Roustan 1979 |
| Perpendicularly 0.5—1 cun When treating the spasm of the fingers or paralysis of the muscle, puncture perpendicularly 2—3 cun towards Pt. Laogong or Pt. Houxi. | Institut de MTC du Shandong 1984 | |
| 1) Perpendicular insertion 0.5-1.0 inch. Needle sensation: local distension and soreness radiating to the shoulder or the elbow. 2) Oblique insertion: obliquely insert the needle at 20° angle in the palmar carpal joint direction 1.0-1.5 inch (treating facial disease). 3) Deep insertion: penetrating the needle to Laogong [PC 8] or Houxi [SI 3] 2.0-3.0 inches (treating finger spasm or muscular paralysis). (treating finger spasm and numbness). | Chen 1995 | |
| Puncture perpendiculaire entre 0,5 et 1 distance de profondeur | Cautérisation avec 3 à 5 cônes de moxa, moxibustion pendant 5 à 10 minutes | Guillaume 1995 |
| Piquer perpendiculairement de 0,5 à 1 cun | Moxas : 1 à 3 ; chauffer 10 mn | Laurent 2000 |
Sensation de puncture
Sécurité
| Classe d'usage | ★★ | point essentiel |
|---|
| Indication | Association | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Grippe | 4GI + 20VB | Roustan 1979 |
| Céphalée vent et chaleur | 4GI + 5VB | Qian Jin (Guillaume 1995) |
| Urticaire | 4GI + 11GI | Zi sheng jing (Guillaume 1995) |
| Accès pernicieux avec fièvre et frissons | 4GI + 2TR + 1GI | Da cheng (Guillaume 1995) |
| Absence de transpiration | tonifier 4GI + disperser 7Rn | Da cheng (Guillaume 1995) |
| Aphtes | 4GI + 8C + 15V + 20V + 36E + 3Rte | Zhong hua zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
| Hypersialorrhée | 4GI + 11GI + 6E | Xin zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
| Odontalgies | 4GI + 6E + 7E | Shanghai zhen jiu xue (Guillaume 1995) |
| Rougeur, gonflement et douleur oculaire | 4GI + 1V + 20VB + Tai Yang 2PC + 2F | Zhong guo zhen jiu xue gai yao (Guillaume 1995) |
| Nue du Poumon | 4GI + 7P | Su wen (Guillaume 1995) |
| Blessure par le froid-shang han et absence de transpiration | 4GI (tonification) + 7Rn (dispersion) | Lang Fang fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Blessure par le froid-shang han transpiration abondante | 4GI (disperser) + 7Rn (tonifier) | Lang Fang fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Douleurs de la main qui irradient vers l'épaule et le dos | 4GI + 3F | Xi hong fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Impotence fonctionnelle de la main | 4GI + 11GI | Xi hong fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Maladies des yeux quand 1V est inefficace | 4GI + 1V | Xi hong fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Toux de type froid | d'abord tonifier 4GI puis disperser 6Rte | Xi hong fu (Guillaume 1995) |
| Épistaxis | 4GI + 3P | Bai zheng fu (Guillaume 1995) |
The indications of acupoints are thought to be highly associated with the lines of the meridian systems. The present study used data mining methods to analyze the characteristics of the indications of each acupoint and to visualize the relationships between the acupoints and disease sites in the classic Korean medical text Chimgoogyeongheombang. Using a term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) scheme, the present study extracted valuable data regarding the indications of each acupoint according to the frequency of the cooccurrences of eight Source points and eighteen disease sites. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of the indications of each acupoint on a body map were visualized according to the tf-idf values. Each acupoint along the different meridians exhibited different constellation patterns at various disease sites. Additionally, the spatial patterns of the indications of each acupoint were highly associated with the route of the corresponding meridian. The present findings demonstrate that the indications of each acupoint were primarily associated with the corresponding meridian system. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the routes of the meridians may have clinical implications in terms of identifying the constellations of the indications of acupoints.
| +++ | ++ | + | |
| Blessures par le Froid | - | shanghan | - |
| Maladies pernicieuses | - | - | nue ji |
| Dermatologie | - | - | dermatoses prurigineuses ; furonculose |
| Neuro-psychiatrie | - | céphalées | paralysie faciale ; hémiplégie ; neurasthénie ; folie dian kuang |
| Obstétrique | - | accouchement difficile | - |
| Ophtalmologie | - | - | troubles de la vue ; douleurs oculaires ; ptérygion |
| ORL | maux de gorge (houbi) | œdème de la face ; épistaxis | écoulement nasal ; surdité ; trismus |
| Rhumatologie | - | douleurs du membre supérieur | lombalgies |
| Stomatologie | - | douleurs dentaires | - |
Based on the observation that repeated acu-point stimulation elicits evoked potentials whose latency varies as a result of the stimulus intensity we assessed the evoked potential elicited by ;stimulus of three acupoints (Hegu, Shenmen and Houxi), comparing the results to the potentials produced by median nerve stimulus and nonacupunctural point. Fourteen healthy individuals were studied, and no modifications related to the amount of stimuli were found in the N1-P1 amplitude of the potentials. The Ni latency of the Hegu and Shenmen point potentials increased with the amount of stimuli, until it reached a plateau at around 400 stimuli. It did not vary for Houxi and the nonacupunctural point. We conclude that the somesthesic afference from acupunctural points must involve control circuits that are quantitatively different for each point.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the cerebral function laterality of acupuncture at left and right Hegu (LI 4) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (Fmri) and provide objective evidences for side selection of Hegu (LI 4) in the clinical application. METHODS: Eighty healthy volunteers were randomly divided into a left-acupoint group and a right-acupoint group, and they were treated with acupuncture at left Hegu (LI 4) and right Hegu (LI 4) respectively. After the arrival of qi, the task-state fIRM data in both groups was collected, and analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) software was used to perform intra-group and between-group comparisons. After acupuncture, acupuncture feelings were recorded and MGH acupuncture sensation scale (MASS) was recorded. RESULTS: The difference of MASS between the two groups was not significant (P>0. 05). The result of left-acupoint group showed an increased signal on right cerebral hemisphere, while the right-acupoint group showed extensive signal changes in both cerebral hemispheres. The analysis between left-acupoint group and retroflex right-acupoint group showed differences in brain areas. CONCLUSIONS: The central effect of acupuncture at left and right Hegu (LI 4) is dissymmetry, indicating right hemisphere laterality. The right lobus insularis and cingulate gyrus may be the key regions in the acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4).
OBJECTIVE: To observe the specificity relationship between acupuncture at “Hegu” (LI 4) and the facial muscular movement in rhesus monkeys under the physiological state by using neuromuscular electrical measurement technique. METHODS: Eighteen rhesus monkeys were randomized into a Hegu group, a Houxi group and a Waiguan group, 6 monkeys in each one. Under the physiological state, EMG was detected on the frontal muscle, zygomatic muscle and orbicular muscle before and after acupuncture at different acupoints. The impacts of acupuncture on the facial EMG were studied and compared among different acupoints. RESULTS: With acupuncture at “Hegu” (LI 4), the latency was reduced (P < 0.01) and the peak value and area were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the frontal EMG; the area and the peak value were increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and latency was reduced (P < 0.05) in the zygomatic EMG; the frequency was increased (P < 0.01) and the latency was reduced (P < 0.05) in the orbicular EMG. Before and after acupuncture at “Hegu” (LI 4), the change rates of EMG frequency, peak value, area and latency on the frontal, zygomatic and orbicular muscles were higher than those at “Houxi” (SI 3) and “Waiguan” (TE 5) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) separately. CONCLUSION: The relative specificity presents between Hegu (LI 4) and facial muscular movement.
Parmi les indications de l'acupuncture, I'action analgésique de l'acupuncture est largement reconnue et utilisée. Plusieurs études expérimentales menées sur l'animal ont montré que l'électro-acupuncture de certains points est à même d'induire des variations de la concentration sérique de certains neurotransmetteurs (3, 5, 6, 7, 8), jouant probablement un rôle dans l'effet analgésique de l'acupuncture. Cet article reprend quatre points couramment utilisés dans l'analgésie acupuncturale de la thyroidiectomie (4 Gl, 6 MC, 17 TR et 12 E) et étudie l'action de l'electro-acupuncture de ces points sur l'activité électro-encéphalographique du système nerveux central et le taux sérique de catécholamines. Nous avons également comparé la réponse électro-encéphalographique lorsque deux points ou une combinaison d'un nombre plus important de points sont électro-stimulés.
XL-1 REG and DH-Z ECG instruments were used to observe the changes in REG before and after acupuncture of Neiguan (P6) and Hegu (LI4) in 68 male and female patients with hypertension and early cerebral arteriosclerosis. Age range was from 40 to 70 years. It was found that after acupuncture there was an improvement in the wave form of the ipsilateral REG and the dicrotic wave, the main peak became more acute, and the amplitude higher (P<0.05), There was also a very significant shortening of the influx time after puncturing Neiguan (P 0) (P<0.01). Both points tended to reduce the heart rate as well. It is advisable to puncture Neiguan (P6) and Hegu (LI 4) to treat such patients. But the two points did not act alike in all the above-mentioned effects. For example, Hegu (LI 4) gave no significant shortening of the influx time. Further, they produce different physiological effects on blood vessels in different organs or regions, and blood vessels in the same organ or region but in different functional states, which explains why acupuncture is so precise in regulating the various functions of the organism. The mechanism has yet to be discovered, however.
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Hegu plus Fuliu in treating hyperhidrosis in Parkinson’s disease. Methods Fifty-seven Parkinson’s disease patients with hyperhidrosis were randomly allocated to a treatment group of 28 cases and a control group of 29 cases. The control group received conventional acupuncture and the treatment group, acupuncture at Hegu plus Fuliu in addition. The VAS score and the HDSS score were recorded in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the VAS score and the HDSS score in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the VAS score and the HDSS score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01). The total efficacy rate was 96.4% in the treatment group and 72.4% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Hegu plus Fuliu can effectively reduce hyperhidrosis in Parkinson's disease patients.
OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at “Sanyinjiso” (SP 6), “Hegu” (LI 4) and “Xuehai” (SP 10) in dysmenorrhea rats so as to investigate the functional specificity of acupoint. METHODS: One hundred SD female rats aged three-month-old in the diestrus examined by the vaginal smear screening were randomly divided into a saline group, a model group, a Sanyinjiao (SF 6) group, a Hegu (LI 4) group and a Xuehai (Sp 10) group, 20 rats in each group. The rats in the last four groups were given Estradiol Benzoate combined with Oxytocin to prepare the models of dysmenorrhea and in the saline group were given the same dose of saline. Last three groups were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at Sanyinjiao“ (Sp 6), “Hegu” (LI 4) and 'Xuehai” (SF 10) respectively. The writhing behaviors of the rats in each group were observed within 20 min performing electroacupuncture from the start of the pain and the waveforms of uterine contraction were recorded. RESULTS: In terms of the writhing behaviors, the writhing latency in the Hegu (LI 4) group was extended significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the writhing numbers in the Hegu (LI 4) group were decreased significantly (both P < 0.05) as compared with those in the Sanyinjiao (SF 6) group and in the Xuehai (SF 10) group. In terms of the waveforms of uterine contraction, compared with that in the model group, the amplitude and the activity of uterine contraction in both Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) group and Hegu (LI 4) group were decreased significantly (all P < 0.05), and with no significant difference between the Xuehai (SF 10) and the model group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: For comprehensive assessment of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture at different acupoints by using the writhing behaviors and the waveforms of uterine contraction, “Hegu” (LI 4) is the best, “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6) is the next and “Xuehai” (SP 10) is the third. showing a relatively functional specificity of the acupoint.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of “Hegu” (LI 4) and “Sanyinjiao”(SP 6; a classical delivery-facilitating acupoint recipe) at different parameters on endocrine hormone levels of late-stage pregnant rats, so as to find the better stimulation parameters for delivery facilitation. METHODS: Ninety-six female Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control (normal), pregnancy (model), EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz, EA-2 Hz/ 15 Hz, EA-2 Hz/30 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz, with 12 rats in each group except EA-30 Hz group (n = 10). EA stimulation (0.2 to 0. 3 mA) was delivered to bilateral LI 4 for 20 min and then bilateral SP 6 for 5 min (25 min). The contents of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, serum E2, P and PGE2 contents were significantly increased in the pregnancy model group (P<0.01), and E2/ P level was downregulated mildly (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum E2 in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz, EA-2 Hz/15 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups, serum PGE2 contents in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups, and E2/P levels in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), whereas serum P contents in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups were significantly down-regulated (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). The effects of EA-2 Hz/50 Hz group were significantly superior to those of EA-2 Hz/15 Hz and EA-2 Hz/ 30 Hz groups in raising serum E2 and E2/P levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). No significant differences were found among the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups in raising serum E2, PGE2 and E2/P levels, and among the EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups in lowering serum P levels (P>0. 05). It displayed that the effects of EA at 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 2 Hz/50 Hz on the abovementioned 4 indexes were relatively better. CONCLUSION: EA of LI 4 and SP 6 at 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 2 Hz/ 50 Hz can effectively up-regulate serum E2, PGE2 and E2/P levels and down-regulate serum P content in pregnancy rats, which may contribute to its effect in promoting labor.EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups, and E2/P levels in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), whereas serum P contents in the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups were significantly down-regulated (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). The effects of EA-2 Hz/50 Hz group were significantly superior to those of EA-2 Hz/15 Hz and EA-2 Hz/ 30 Hz groups in raising serum E2 and E2/P levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). No significant differences were found among the EA-15 Hz, EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups in raising serum E2, PGE2 and E2/P levels, and among the EA-30 Hz, EA-50 Hz and EA-2 Hz/50 Hz groups in lowering serum P levels (P>0. 05). It displayed that the effects of EA at 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 2 Hz/50 Hz on the abovementioned 4 indexes were relatively better. CONCLUSION: EA of LI 4 and SP 6 at 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 2 Hz/ 50 Hz can effectively up-regulate serum E2, PGE2 and E2/P levels and down-regulate serum P content in pregnancy rats, which may contribute to its effect in promoting labor.
The authors needled acupoint Hegu (LI 4) in 63 puerpera at second labor stage and compared them with 61 puerpera with routine delivery. Results showed that the second labor stage was shortened and postpartum hemorrhage was less in the acupuncture group. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated a significant difference (0.05 > P > 0.01). In recent years needling or point injection has been widely used to treat difficult labor. But there have been few reports on needling Hegu to prevent prolongation of the second labor process and abnormal delivery of fetuses due to uterine atony. The authors have investigated primarily into this field and report their work as follows.
4GI et 3F. 14VG et 5TR si forte fièvre, 1GI et 11P si toux et amygdalite. Une séance par jour. Guérison 32 cas après 1 séances, 33 après 2 séances, 29 après 3 séances.
Acupoint specificity is a foundational concept in acupuncture theory. It is closely related to the function of the acupoint. In this study, we sought to probe the central mechanisms of the specific correlation between LI4 and orofacial part in Bell's palsy patients. In total, 36 patients with left Bell's palsy were divided into three groups in random order, and each group received transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at only one of three acupoints (LI4, ST6, and a sham point). A single-block fMRI design paradigm was applied to separately detect neural activity related to different stages of TEAS (prestimulation resting state, stimulation, and poststimulation resting state). Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during TEAS. There were extensive neuronal activities in the LI4 and ST6 groups and significant differences between stimulation at real and sham points. Brain regions were activated more by real acupoint TEAS than by sham point TEAS. Brain regions that were activated with LI4 and ST6 were broadly overlapping and adjacent. Our results provide supplementary neuroimaging evidence for the existence of acupoint specificity. These results may confirm the central mechanisms of the specific correlation between the Hegu point and the orofacial part.
Objective To investigate the effects of point Hegu (LI 4) acupuncture with different stimulation intensities on infrared thermographic temperature at point Hegu (LI 4) region and contralateral point Yingxiang (LI 20) region. Methods Thirty patients with ischemic stroke-induced central facial paralysis were randomly allocated to Hegu 1-4 groups and a control group. Changes in infrared temperature at point Hegu (LI 4) region and contralateral point Yingxiang (LI 20) region were observed during acupuncture. Results After point Hegu (LI 4) acupuncture, infrared temperature at point Hegu (LI 4) region and contralateral point Yingxiang (LI 20) region changed from an early drop to a subsequent rise (P<0.05). Conclusion Changes in body surface infrared thermographic temperature at point Hegu (LI 4) region and contralateral facial point Yingxiang (LI 20) region after point Hegu (LI 4) acupuncture are correlative, suggesting that the meridian running route on the body surface has specificity. Although temperature changes at the two point regionsi n different Hegu groups are different, definite regularities are not found.
Objective To explore the respective advantages of different direction Hegu needlings by using them to treat the pain stage of scapulohumeral periarthritis (periarthritis of shoulder) and investigating their clinical therapeutic effects. Method A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Sixty patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis in the pain stage were allocated into group Ⅰ (30 cases) and group Ⅱ (30 cases). Group Ⅰ received acupuncture at points Jianyu(LI15), Jianliao(TE14) and Jianzhen(SI9) in the direction parallel to the meridian course and group Ⅱ , in the direction perpendicular to the meridian course. Treatment was given 30 min once for a total of 12 times. The simplified Mcgill Pain Questionnaire score and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were recorded before and after treatment. Result There were no statistically significant differences in the pain, joint activity and joint function between the two groups before, during and after treatment. Conclusion Two different direction Hegu needlings both have a marked therapeutic effect on the pain stage of scapulohumeral periarthritis. The two have no significant difference.
Acupuncture has long been employed for the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, very few studies have characterized the effectiveness of the different acupuncture modes for CLBP. In total, 187 patients with CLBP participated in this study. Eligible patients were randomized to Hegu acupuncture, Standard acupuncture, or Usual Care groups. Eighteen (18) treatments were provided over 7 weeks. Back-related dysfunction and symptom severity were assessed by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which were collected at baseline and at 8 and 48 weeks after beginning the treatment. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for factorial analyses. Significant differences were found between follow-up and the baseline scores (p<0.05). The Hegu acupuncture group had higher RMDQ scores (8 weeks, 5.3 versus 2.1; 48 weeks, 5.7 versus 3.3; p<0.001 for both) and VAS scores (8 weeks, 1.5 versus 0.5; 48 weeks, 2.6 versus 1.6; p<0.001 for both) compared with the usual care group. The standardized acupuncture group also had higher RMDQ scores (8 weeks, 4.2 versus 2.1; 48 weeks, 4.6 versus 3.3, p<0.001 for both) and VAS scores (8 weeks, 1.3 versus 0.5; 48 weeks, 2.4 versus 1.6, p<0.001 for both) compared with the Usual Care group. The Hegu group had higher RMDQ scores (8 weeks, p<0.05; 48 weeks, p<0.001) and VAS scores (48 weeks, p<0.05) compared with the standardized group. There was a significant difference between the Hegu and standardized acupuncture groups in repeated-measures ANOVA (p<0.05). Across the three testing points, significant differences were found in the RMDQ and VAS scores between the usual care group and both treatment groups (p<0.001). Both acupuncture modes have beneficial and persistent effectiveness against CLBP compared with the usual care group; Hegu acupuncture is significantly more effective than standardized acupuncture, especially in the long term.